Credit: © The Royal Society
    Image number: RS.10903
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    Picture-writing of fish and a quiver

    Date
    13 December 1853
    Creator
    Richard Spruce (1817 - 1893, British) , Explorer
    Object type
    Archive reference number
    Material
    Dimensions
    height (drawing): 221mm
    width (drawing): 175mm
    Subject
    Content object
    nature
       > animal
    Description
    A group of picture-writing figures or pictograms observed by Spruce and reproduced as Figure 18 in Notes of a botanist on the Amazon & Andes: being records of travel on the Amazon and its tributaries, the Trombetas, Rio Negro, Uaupés, Casiquiari, Pacimoni, Huallaga, and Pastasa; as also to the cataracts of the Orinoco, along the eastern side of the Andes of Peru and Ecuador, and the shores of the Pacific, during the years 1849-1864 edited by Alfred Russel Wallace, volume II (London, 1908).

    The two figures 'D' are described in the aforementioned work as ray fish, found of enormous size in the Casiquiari and Rio Negro. Figure 'E' was thought by Spruce's companions to be a quiver for holding the darts of the blowing-cane.

    Richard Spruce (1817-1893) British botanist was not a Fellow of the Royal Society. He spent some fifteen years studying and collecting in the Amazon of Brazil and the Andes of Peru and Ecuador between 1849 and 1864.

    Spruce was already in South America when he was employed by a Kew Gardens-India Office project to secure seeds of the cinchona tree, whose bark yielded the antimalarial drug quinine. In 1860 he shipped around 100,000 dried seeds and over 600 young plants out of Ecuador. A year later, Ecuador adopted laws to protect its cinchona trees from mass exportation.
    Associated place
    <The World>
       > South America
          > Brazil
    <The World>
       > South America
          > Ecuador
    <The World>
       > South America
          > Peru
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