Credit: © The Royal Society
    Image number: RS.10933

    Tomo

    Date
    May 1853
    Creator
    Richard Spruce (1817 - 1893, British) , Explorer
    Object type
    Archive reference number
    Material
    Dimensions
    height (drawing): 207mm
    width (drawing): 255mm
    Subject
    Content object
    nature
       > landscape
    Description
    Landscape view of a town depicting eight buildings and a large crucifix with a palm tree at far right.

    Annotated ‘(Rio Negro. Venezuela.) Tomo, at the mouth Rio Tomo, a confluent on the Guainia, or Upper Rio Negro. May 1853. The palm is Pitriguáo (Guilielmia speciosa Mart.) (Background of tall forest wanted here) No. 14’.

    Reproduced as Figure 42 in Notes of a botanist on the Amazon & Andes: being records of travel on the Amazon and its tributaries, the Trombetas, Rio Negro, Uaupés, Casiquiari, Pacimoni, Huallaga, and Pastasa; as also to the cataracts of the Orinoco, along the eastern side of the Andes of Peru and Ecuador, and the shores of the Pacific, during the years 1849-1864 edited by Alfred Russel Wallace (volume I, London, 1908).

    Richard Spruce (1817-1893) British botanist was not a Fellow of the Royal Society. He spent fifteen years collecting in the Amazon of Brazil and the Andes of Peru and Ecuador between 1849-1864, and observing the indigenous people and their cultures, learning 21 different languages while away.

    Spruce was already in South America when he was employed by a Kew Gardens-India Office project to secure seeds of the cinchona tree, whose bark yielded the antimalarial drug quinine. In 1860 he shipped around 100,000 dried seeds and over 600 young plants out of Ecuador. A year later, Ecuador adopted laws to protect its cinchona trees from mass exportation.
    Associated place
    <The World>
       > South America
          > Venezuela
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